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Computer
Network waa koox kombuyuutar ah oo isku xidhan oo awood u siinaya kombuyuutarku
inuu la xidhiidho kombuyuutar kale oo ay wadaagaan agabkooda, xogtooda, iyo
codsiyada.
Shabakadda
kumbuyuutarka afar nooc: (Types of Network).
- LAN(Local
Area Network)
- PAN(Personal
Area Network)
- MAN(Metropolitan
Area Network)
- WAN(Wide Area Network)
LAN waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku xirka
laba ama in ka badan kombiyuutarada gaarka ah iyada oo loo marayo
dhexdhexaadiyaha isgaarsiinta sida twisted pair, fiilada coaxial, cables, iwm.
Way qiima jaban tahay maadaama lagu
dhisay qalab aan qaali ahayn sida hub-yada, adabtarada shabakada, iyo
fiilooyinka ethernetka.
Xogta waxay isugu gudbisaa si xawli
ah oo aad u dheereeya marka la isticmaalaayo LAN.
Shabakadda Aagga Maxalliga ahi waxay
bixisaa ammaan aad u sare.
Personal Area Network PAN (Shabakadda Aagga Gaarka ah)
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed waa shabakad lagu habeeyey qof gaar ah, caadi ahaan u
dhexaysa 10 mitir.
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed waxaa loo adeegsadaa isku xirka aaladaha kombuyuutarka
ee isticmaalka shakhsi ahaaneed waxaa loo yaqaan Shabakadda Aagga Shakhsi
ahaaneed.
Thomas
Zimmerman wuxuu ahaa saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee cilmi-baaris ah si uu u keeno
fikradda Shabakadda Aagga Gaarka ah.
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed waxay dabooshaa aag dhan 30 cagood.
Aaladaha
kombayutarka gaarka ah ee loo isticmaalo in lagu horumariyo shabakada aagga
shakhsi ahaaneed waa laptop-ka, taleefoonnada gacanta, warbaahinta ciyaaraha
iyo saldhigyada ciyaarta.
Waxaa jira laba
nooc oo Shabakadda Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed: personal area network
Noocyada
Shabakada Kombiyuutarka.
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed ee marka la adeegsanaayo fiilada. (Wired Personal Area
Network).
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed ee mar aan la adeegsaneynin fiilo. (Wireless Personal
Area Network).
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsiyeed ee Fiilada leh: Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed ee fiilada leh waxaa la sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo
USB-ga.
Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsiyeed ee Wireless: Shabakadda
Aagga Shakhsiyeedka Wireless-ka waxaa lagu horumariyaa iyadoo si fudud loo
isticmaalo tignoolajiyada wireless-ka sida WiFi, Bluetooth. Waa shabakad range
hoose leh.
Tusaalooyinka Shabakadda Aagga Shakhsi ahaaneed: (personal area network)
- Body Area Network: Shabakadda Aagga Jidhka waa shabakad la guurto qofka. Tusaale ahaan, waa internetka mobaylada uu qofka si shaqsi ahaan u isticmaalo (mobile data). Kaba soo qaad internet-ka shaqsiga isticmaalo inuu ku xiran yahay shirkad network-ga bixisa.
- Offline Network: Shabakadda Khadka tooska ah: Shabakadda khadka tooska ah ayaa lagu isticmaali karaa gudaha guriga, sidaas darteed waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa shabakad guri. Shabakadda guriga. waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ku soo xirman karaan aaladaha sida daabacashada (printers), kumbuyuutarka (computers), telefishinka (television) laakiin kuma xirna internetka.
- Small Home Office: Waxaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu xidho aaladaha kala duwan ee internet-ka iyo shabakadaha shirkadaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo VPN
(Metropolitan Area Network) ama MAN waxay ka kooban tahay shabakad kombuyuutar oo dhan
magaalada oo dhan, koleejyada, ama gobol yar. Shabakadda noocaan ah way ka weyn tahay LAN,
taasoo inta badan ku kooban hal dhismo ama goob keliya. Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca qaabaynta,
shabakada noocan ahi waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad daboosho aag dhowr mayl ilaa tobanaan mayl.
Halkan waxaa ah sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee shabakada (characteristics) MAN:
- Waxay inta badan daboolaysaa in ay internet-ka siiyo degmooyin iyo magaalooyinka in le’eg ugu badnaan 50 km.
- Dhexdhexaadinta inta badan la isticmaalo waa optical fibers iyo cables.
Waa kuwan faa'iidooyinka shabakadda (advantages) MAN:- Waxay bixisaa isgaarsiin degdeg ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo xawaare sare, sida fiilooyinka fiber optic.
- Waxay siisaa taageero aad u fiican shabakad cabbir ballaaran iyo marin weyn oo WANs ah.
- MAN ayaa bixiya taageero gudbinta xogta labada dhinacba isku mar ka soo loo yaqaano (dual bus).
- Shabakadda MAN inta badan waxaa ku jira meelo ka mid ah magaalada ama magaalada oo dhan.
Halkan khasaaraha ama faa’ido darida uu leeyahay (disadvantages) MAN:
- Waxaad u baahan tahay fiilo badan si aad u samaysato isku xidhka MAN meel ilaa meel kale.
- Shabakadda MAN way adag tahay in laga ilaaliyo tuugada.
WAN (Shabakadda Aagga Weyn) (Wide Area Network) waa shabakad ku fidsan dhul ballaaran oo juquraafi ah sida gobollo ama waddamo.
Shabakadda Aagga Weyn ayaa aad uga weyn LAN-ka.
Shabakadda Aagga Weyn kuma koobna oo keliya hal meel, laakiin waxay ku wareegtaa dhul weyn oo
juqraafi ah iyada oo loo marayo khadka taleefanka (telephone line), fiilada fiber optic ama isku xirka
dayax-gacmeedka.
Internetku waa mid ka mid ah WAN-ga ugu weyn adduunka.
Shabakadda Aagga Weyn ayaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa dhinaca Ganacsiga, dawladda, iyo waxbarashada.
Tusaalooyinka Shabakadda Aagga Weyn: (Wide Area Network)
- Mobile Broadband: Shabakadda 4G ayaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa gobol ama dal.
- Last Mile: Shirkad isgaarsiineed ayaa loo isticmaalaa in ay macaamiisha ku siiso adeegyada intarneetka boqolaal magaalo iyada oo gurigooda ku xirta fiber-ka.
- Shabakadda gaarka ah: Bangigu waxa uu bixiyaa shabakad gaar ah oo isku xidha 44 xafiis. Shabakaddan waxa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo khadka kirada ah ee ay bixiso shirkadda isgaadhsiinta.